Ionosphere
- Wikidata
- https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162219
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/C116403925 (API record)
- OpenAlex Description
- atmospheric layer of Earth
- OpenAlex Level [?]
- 2
Broader Concepts
Narrower Concepts
- Aeronomy
- Atmospheric models
- Atmospheric physics
- Critical frequency
- D region
- Defense Meteorological Satellite Program
- Equinox
- F region
- High frequency
- Incoherent scatter
- Ionospheric absorption
- Ionospheric heater
- Ionospheric propagation
- Ionospheric sounding
- Low latitude
- Over-the-horizon radar
- Polar cap
- Radio Science
- Radio occultation
- Riometer
- Schumann resonances
- Skywave
- Sporadic E propagation
- TEC
- Terminator (solar)
- Thermosphere
Associated Authors
- A. C. Nicholas
- A. D. Shane
- A. G. Burns
- A. G. Burrell
- A. Glocer
- A. Green
- A. Hirai
- A. J. Carrasco
- A. J. Coster
- A. J. Gerrard
- A. J. Ridley
- A. Kashcheyev
- A. Komjáthy
- A. Kouznetsov
- A. Kumamoto
- A. Kumar
- A. M. Santos
- A. Matsuoka
- A. S. Brecht
- A. S. Reimer
- A. V. Koustov
- A. V. Streltsov
- A. W. Stephan
- A. W. Yau
- A. Ø. Hovland
- Aaron Bukowski
- Abdennasser Tachema
- Abhay Kumar Singh
- Abiyot Workayehu
- Adrian Grocott
- Agata Chuchra-Konrad
- Agnit Mukhopadhyay
- Alan Dyer
- Alessandra Pacini
- Alessio Pignalberi
- Alex T. Chartier
- Alexandra Parmentier
- Alexandra Ruth Fogg
- Alfredo Del Corpo
- Alicreance HIYADUTUJE
- Amit Kumar Maurya
- Anders Ohma
- Andrea Steiner
- Andres Spicher
- Anna Belehaki
- Anna Morozova
- Anthony J. Mannucci
- Aroh Barjatya
- Artem Smirnov
- Ashanthi Maxworth
- Ashok Silwal
- Asti Bhatt
- Astrid Maute
- Atsuki Shinbori
- Audrey Chatain
- Audrey Schillings
- Austin Brenner
- B. D. Ghimire
- B. Fritz
- B. Gallardo‐Lacourt
- B. Heilig
- B. Kunduri
- B. W. Reinisch
- Babatunde Rabiu
- Banafsheh Ferdousi
- Beatriz Sánchez‐Cano
- Benjamin Hogan
- Benjamin Reid
- Benoît Hubert
- Bharati Kakad
- Bing Cao
- Bingxian Luo
- Binod Adhikari
- Binzheng Zhang
- Boris Maletckii
- Brandon M. Ponder
- Brett A. McCuen
- Brett Carter
- Brian J. Harding
- Burcu Kosar
- C. A. O. B. Figueiredo
- C. A. Tamburri
- C. E. Valladares
- C. G. Brum
- C. J. Heale
- C. J. Mertens
- C. L. Siefring
- C. M. De Nardin
- C. M. Fowler
- C. O. Ao
- C. R. Clauer
- C. R. Englert
- C. R. Martinis
- C. Wilkins
- Carsten Baumann
- Chae‐Woo Jun
- Changan Wan
- Changzhi Zhai
- Chao Xiong
- Chao‐Song Huang
- Charles Lin
- Charles S. Carrano
- Cheng Sheng
- Chia Ying Lin
- Chia-hung Chen
- Chieh‐Hung Chen
- Chien-Hung Lin
- Chigomezyo M. Ngwira
- Chihoko Y. Cullens
- Ching-Tien Hsu
- Chris Watson
- Christine Gabrielse
- Christopher Scott Krier
- Chrystal Moser
- Claudia Martinez-Calderon
- Claudia Stolle
- Claudio Cesaroni
- Colin Triplett
- Cornelius Csar Jude H. Salinas
- Craig J. Rodger
- D. A. Gurnett
- D. A. Hickey
- D. F. Strobel
- D. J. Knipp
- D. J. Knudsen
- D. L. Hysell
- D. M. Gillies
- D. M. Oliveira
- D. P. Hinson
- D. R. Weimer
- D. T. Welling
- D. W. Danskin
- Dallas Masters
- Daniel Billett
- Daniel J. Emmons
- Daniel Lo
- Daniel R. Marsh
- Dario Sabbagh
- David Brain
- David C. Fritts
- David E. Siskind
- David K. Richardson
- David Kazdan
- David Mechem
- David Mitchell
- David R. Themens
- David Roma-Dollase
- Dedalo Marchetti
- Deepak K. Karan
- Dibyendu Sur
- Diego Barros
- Diego Janches
- Diego Moral Pombo
- Dimitar Ouzounov
- Diptiranjan Rout
- Donald Hampton
- Dong Lin
- Dong Wei
- Douglas P. Drob
- Doğacan Öztürk
- Duggirala Pallamraju
- Dupinder Singh
- Dustin Buccino
- E. A. Spencer
- E. Ceren Kalafatoglu Eyiguler
- E. G. Thomas
- E. H. Lay
- E. J. Bunce
- E. J. Lund
- E. K. Sutton
- E. Nossa
- E. R. Sánchez
- E. Spanswick
- E. Thiemann
- E. V. Mishin
- E. Yizengaw
- E. Zesta
- Edith L. Macotela
- Eldho Midhun Babu
- Elvira Astafyeva
- Emma Bland
- Ercha Aa
- Erdal Yiğit
- Erhan Kudeki
- Erich Becker
- F. Eparvier
- F. Němec
- F. Toffoletto
- Fabio Manta
- Fabrizio Sassi
- Facundo Poblet
- Fazlul I. Laskar
- Federico Gasperini
- Feiqin Xie
- Francesca Di Mare
- Frank D. Lind
- Fábio Vargas
- G. A. Grubbs
- G. A. Lehmacher
- G. C. Hussey
- G. Collinson
- G. Crowley
- G. J. Fasel
- G. J. Hunt
- G. Lu
- G. S. Bust
- G. V. Khazanov
- G. W. Perry
- Gabriel Wilson
- Garima Malhotra
- Geoffrey Jenkins
- Georgios Balasis
- Gianfranco Cianchini
- Gilda de Lourdes González
- Golekamang P. Thaganyana
- Gottfried Kirchengast
- Guiping Liu
- Gunter Stober
- Guotao Yang
- Guozhu Li
- H. Akbari
- H. K. Connor
- H. K. Jhuang
- H. Kil
- H. Takahashi
- H. U. Frey
- Hanli Liu
- Haonan Wu
- Harikrishnan Charuvil Asokan
- Heikki Vanhamäki
- Henrik Melin
- Hidekatsu Jin
- Hiroatsu Sato
- Hiroki Ando
- Hiroyuki Shinagawa
- Huijun Le
- Huixin Liu
- Hyomin Kim
- I. A. Galkin
- I. J. Rae
- I. S. Batista
- I. Tsagouri
- Ilkka Virtanen
- Irfan Azeem
- Irina Zakharenkova
- Isabel Fernandez-Gomez
- Iurii Cherniak
- Ivan di Stefano
- J. A. E. Stephenson
- J. B. Baker
- J. B. Snively
- J. C. Coxon
- J. Correira
- J. D. Huba
- J. D. Huba
- J. D. Mathews
- J. Eisenbeis
- J. F. Helmboldt
- J. Federico Conte
- J. G. Lyon
- J. H. Clemmons
- J. H. Hecht
- J. H. Waite
- J. Hong
- J. J. Makela
- J. J. Sojka
- J. K. Burchill
- J. Klenzing
- J. Krall
- J. L. Semeter
- J. LaBelle
- J. Lautenbach
- J. Liang
- J. M. Bell
- J. M. Ruohoniemi
- J. M. Weygand
- J. McCormick
- J. Oberheide
- J. P. McCormack
- J. P. Thayer
- J. Ruck
- J. Scott Evans
- J. Sreelakshmi
- J. T. Emmert
- J. Tu
- J. V. Eccles
- J. W. Gjerloev
- J. Wroten
- J. Y. Liu
- J.-P. St.-Maurice
- J.J. Zhang
- Jacek Paziewski
- Jack C. Wang
- Jack R. Ross
- Jaejin Lee
- Jaewook Lee
- Jaime S. Crouse
- James M. Russell
- Jan Laštovička
- Janusz Młynarczyk
- Jaroslav Chum
- Jaroslav Urbář
- Jason F. Smith
- Jean‐Claude Gérard
- Jeffrey M. Forbes
- Jeng-Feng Lin
- Jeng‐Hwa Yee
- Jennifer S. Haase
- JeongHeon Kim
- Jia Yue
- Jiaen Ren
- Jiahao Zhong
- Jianfei Wu
- Jiang Liu
- Jianjun Liu
- Jianqi Qin
- Jiarong Zhang
- Jiuhou Lei
- John Bosco Habarulema
- Jonas Sousasantos
- Jone Peter Reistad
- Jorge L. Chau
- Joseph Eggington
- Joseph McInerney
- Joshua Dreyer
- Joshua Pettit
- Juha Vierinen
- Juliana Jaen
- Julie Currie
- Junjie Chen
- Justin Deighan
- József Bór
- K. A. McWilliams
- K. Deshpande
- K. F. Dymond
- K. Greer
- K. Hosokawa
- K. Liou
- K. M. Groves
- K. M. Laundal
- K. R. Murphy
- K. S. Obenberger
- K. Yakymenko
- K. Zawdie
- Kamlesh Pathak
- Karen V. Espinosa
- Karthik Venkataramani
- Katerina Stergiopoulou
- Katherine Garcia‐Sage
- Katrina Bossert
- Kazuo Shiokawa
- Kedeng Zhang
- Keshav R. Tripathi
- Kevin J. Nelson
- Kevin Pham
- Khan‐Hyuk Kim
- Konstantin Kim
- Kornyanat Hozumi
- Kosuke Heki
- Krishnaprasad Chirakkil
- Kristina Collins
- Kuldeep Pandey
- Kuo-Nung Wang
- L. A. Hunt
- L. Andersson
- L. C. Ray
- L. Claire Gasque
- L. J. Paxton
- L. L. Gordley
- L. M. Kilcommons
- L. Mejnertsen
- L. R. Lyons
- Lei Cai
- Leonardos Gkouvelis
- Leslie Lamarche
- Levan Lomidze
- Lidia Nikitina
- Lindsay Goodwin
- Lingxin Zhao
- Liying Qian
- Loredana Perrone
- Loren C. Chang
- Luca Spogli
- Lucilla Alfonsi
- Luis A. Navarro
- Luke Moore
- M. Alimaganbetov
- M. B. Cohen
- M. B. Moldwin
- M. Benna
- M. Burleigh
- M. Cartacci
- M. Codrescu
- M. Conde
- M. F. Larsen
- M. F. Marcucci
- M. Fedrizzi
- M. Gołkowski
- M. Grawe
- M. H. Stevens
- M. Hartinger
- M. J. Engebretson
- M. J. Wiltberger
- M. K. Elrod
- M. Lessard
- M. M. Oppenheim
- M. Morooka
- M. O. Chandler
- M. O. Fillingim
- M. P. Freeman
- M. Pilinski
- M. Pätzold
- M. R. Hairston
- M. Samara
- M. Sithartha Muthu Vijayan
- M. Sivakandan
- M. T. A. H. Muella
- M. Vellante
- M.‐C. Fok
- Magnus Fagernes Ivarsen
- Mahesh N. Shrivastava
- Majd Mayyasi
- Manbharat Dhadly
- Maosheng He
- Marcus Pedersen
- Margaret W. Chen
- Maria-Theresia Walach
- Marissa F. Vogt
- Martin Connors
- Martin Füllekrug
- Martin G. Mlynczak
- Matteo Crismani
- Matthew A. Young
- Matthew Angling
- Maxime Grandin
- Maya Garcı́a-Comas
- McArthur Jones
- Md Nazmus Sakib
- Michael Chaffin
- Michael Greffen
- Michael Madelaire
- Michael Negale
- Michael Pezzopane
- Michael W. Liemohn
- Michaela Mooney
- Min‐Yang Chou
- Mirko Piersanti
- Mizuki Fukizawa
- Moa Persson
- Motoharu Nowada
- Mpho Tshisaphungo
- Muyiwa P. Ajakaiye
- N. A. Frissell
- N. A. Zabotin
- N. G. Lehtinen
- N. Koushik
- N. M. Pedatella
- N. Nowrouzi
- N. Swarnalingam
- Naomi Maruyama
- Nicholas M. Schneider
- Niklas J. T. Edberg
- Ningchao Wang
- Nithin Sivadas
- Noora Partamies
- Norah Kaggwa Kwagala
- O. F. Jonah
- O. Hamil
- O. P. Verkhoglyadova
- O. S. Bolaji
- Oleg Shebanits
- P. A. Bernhardt
- P. B. Dandenault
- P. C. Anderson
- P. G. Richards
- P. H. Reiff
- P. J.
- P. J. Erickson
- P. J. Espy
- P. K. Rajesh
- P. Prikryl
- P. R. Shreedevi
- P. Tenfjord
- Pablo Reyes
- Panagiotis Vergados
- Paola De Michelis
- Patrick Alken
- Paul Withers
- Pavel Inchin
- Pedrina Terra
- Pekka T. Verronen
- Per Høeg
- Pierdavide Coïsson
- Piyush M. Mehta
- Pralay Raj Vaggu
- Prayitno Abadi
- Péter Steinbach
- Q. Zhang
- Qian Wu
- Qiaoling Li
- Quan Gan
- Qusai Al Shidi
- R. A. D. Fiori
- R. A. Frahm
- R. A. Heelis
- R. A. Steenburgh
- R. A. Wolf
- R. C. Fear
- R. C. Moore
- R. E. Daniell
- R. Eastes
- R. F. Pfaff
- R. G. Gillies
- R. H. Holzworth
- R. H. Varney
- R. J. Redmon
- R. K. Choudhary
- R. L. Lysak
- R. M. Robinson
- R. Michell
- R. S. Lieberman
- R. Said
- R. Schreiber
- R. Stoneback
- Ramon Padullés
- Ravindra Desai
- Rezy Pradipta
- Richard J. Licata
- Richard Michael Tuminello
- Robert B. Kerr
- Robert J. Lillis
- Robert M. Broadfoot
- Roberta Tozzi
- Robin Ramstad
- Romina Nikoukar
- Ryan McGranaghan
- S A Cerwin
- S. A. Budzien
- S. A. Ledvina
- S. A. Sanchez
- S. B. Mende
- S. E. McDonald
- S. England
- S. K. Vines
- S. M. Nossal
- S. Nakano
- S. Ohtani
- S. R. Bounds
- S. R. Kaeppler
- S. Raizada
- S. S. Leroy
- S. Sazykin
- S. Taguchi
- S. W. Bougher
- S. W. Hsieh
- S.‐Y. Su
- Saeed Farzaneh
- Saioa A. Campuzano
- Sandeep Kumar
- Sarvesh Mangla
- Saurav Aryal
- Sean Bruinsma
- Sean Elvidge
- Sebastijan Mrak
- Selvaraj Dharmalingam
- Sergio Toledo‐Redondo
- Seán P. Blake
- Se‐Heon Jeong
- Shane Coyle
- Shantanab Debchoudhury
- Shaosui Xu
- Sharon L. Vadas
- Shasha Zou
- Shea N. Thorne
- Shibaji Chakraborty
- Shigeto Watanabe
- Shin‐ichiro Oyama
- Shoya Matsuda
- Shun Imajo
- Shun‐Rong Zhang
- Simon Wing
- Simone Di Matteo
- Skylar Shaver
- Sneha Yadav
- Sonal Jain
- Sovit Khadka
- Spencer Hatch
- Stanley C. Solomon
- Steven Franke
- Subir Mandal
- Sukanta Sau
- Suman Chakraborty
- Sumanjit Chakraborty
- Sumedha Gupta
- Sunny Wing-Yee Tam
- Supriya Chakrabarti
- T. E. Cravens
- T. E. Moore
- T. F. Chang
- T. J. Immel
- T. Moretto
- T. Motoba
- T. Sergienko
- T. Stallard
- Takanori Nishiyama
- Takashi Tanaka
- Takeshi Sakanoi
- Taku Namekawa
- Takuma Tsuboi
- Takuo T. Tsuda
- Takuya Sori
- Tam Dao
- Tamás Bozóki
- Tao Yuan
- Tarique Adnan Siddiqui
- Tatiana Bocanegra-Bahamón
- Teresa Barata
- Thomas Ulich
- Tibor Durgonics
- Timo Pitkänen
- Timothy Kodikara
- Tingting Yu
- Tomoaki Hori
- Tomoko Matsuo
- Tong Dang
- Tristan Weber
- Tsige Yared Atilaw
- Tuija Pulkkinen
- Tzu‐Wei Fang
- Uma Das
- V. Bernstein
- V. G. Merkin
- V. Lynn Harvey
- V. N. Coffey
- V. Sai Gowtam
- Vassilis Angelopoulos
- Victoriya V. Forsythe
- Vincent James Adkins
- Vivien Matthias
- W. A. Bristow
- W. A. Scales
- W. E. Ward
- W. K. Peterson
- W. Kent Tobiska
- W. Kofman
- W. Lotko
- W. R. Coley
- W. Rideout
- Weijia Zhan
- Weili Zhou
- Weiqin Sun
- Wenbin Wang
- Wenyao Gu
- William E. McClintock
- William Longley
- William S. Schreiner
- Woo Kyoung Lee
- Xian Lu
- Xianghui Xue
- Xiaohua Fang
- Xing Meng
- Xing‐Yu Li
- Xinzhao Chu
- Xueling Shi
- Xuguang Cai
- Y. Jade Morton
- Y. Ma
- Y. Nishimura
- Y. Ogawa
- Y. S. Dimant
- Y.‐J. Su
- Yangyang Shen
- Yang‐Yi Sun
- Yasuhiro Murayama
- Yen‐Jung Wu
- Yi Duann
- Ying Zou
- Yingfei Chen
- Ying‐Hwa Kuo
- Yiqun Yu
- Yong Ha Kim
- Yongliang Zhang
- Yoshiya Kasahara
- Yoshizumi Miyoshi
- Yosuke Yamazaki
- Young‐Sil Kwak
- Yudai Inaba
- Yue Deng
- Yuichi Otsuka
- Yunfang Zhong
- Yuni Lee
- Yury Yasyukevich
- Yusuke Ebihara
- Yuto Yano
- Z. Girazian
- Zachariah Milby
- Zama T. Katamzi‐Joseph
- Zeren Zhima
- Zhipeng Ren
- Zhonghua Xu
- Zi Han Wang
- Zishun Qiao
- А. В. Дмитриев
- Л. П. Гончаренко
Add Incoming Edge
Login via ORCiD to contribute.
Add Outgoing Edge
Login via ORCiD to contribute.